Abstract:

Acoustic backscattering strength is often used as an index of biomass; however, the relationship has not been directly validated. Relationships were investigated between acoustic cross section at 200 kHz and measured values of length, biovolume, dry weight, ash-free dry weight, and caloric content of the same individual specimens. Animals were part of the Hawaiian mesopelagic boundary community and included shrimps, squids, and myctophid fishes. The strong linear relationships found between all the variables measured make it possible to approximate any one variable from the measured values of others within a class of animals. These data show that for these midwater animals, acoustic scattering can be used as an index of biomass. Dorsal-aspect acoustic cross section at 200 kHz predicted dry weight and ash-free dry weight at least as well as did body length, a standard predictor. Dorsal-aspect acoustic cross section at 200 kHz was also a strong predictor of total caloric content. The relationships between dorsal-aspect acoustic cross section and both weight and caloric content of Hawaiian mesopelagic animals were linear and additive. Consequently, it is possible to directly convert acoustic energy from these animals to organic resource units without having knowledge of the size distribution of the populations being studied.